Dynamo-electric machine.



PATENTE-D MAY 12, 1903..

v. G. APPLE. DYNAMO ELEGTRIG MACHINE.

AIPPLIUATION FILED 001520, 1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

II/ ///IIIIIIIIII1 YIIIIIIIIII umw PATENTED MAY 12,1903. I G. APPLE.DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0012.20, 1902.

3 SHBETSSHEET 3.

N0 MODEL.

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UNITED STATES Patented May 12', 1901 VINCENT G. APPLE, OF DAYTON, OHIO.

DYNAMO-ELECTFllC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 727,568, dated May 12,1903.

Application filedOctoher 20, 1902. Serial No. 127,970. (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, VINCENT G. APPLE, of Dayton, in the county ofMontgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Dynamo-Electric Machines; and I hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, which form partof thisspecification.

My invention relates to improvements in dynamo-electric machines, andmore particularly to small portable dynamos.

The primary objectof my invention is to produce a novel form of portabledynamo of attractive design and economical construction forming acomplete and compact unit.

A further object is to provide a novel arrangement of the interiormechanism of the dynamo relative to an-inclosing casing and to generallyimprove the construction of dynamos of the character described.

To these ends my invention consists in the features of construction andarrangement of elements hereinafter described, and specified in theclaims.

In the drawings I have illustrated a dynamo constructed in accordancewith my invention.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a containingcase. Fig. 2 is an elevationof one end of said casing, which I will term the front end. Fig. 3 is anelevation of the opposite end. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of thefront end of my device, taken on lines 4 4 of Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is an endelevation with the door of the casing removed. Fig. 6 is a sectionaldetail of a commutator-brush. Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively a side andend elevation thereof. Fig. 9 is a central vertical section of myimproved dynamo equipped with a driving-pulley and clutch-governor. Fig.10 is a face elevation of the governing device. Fig. 11 is a sideelevation thereof.

Throughout the drawings like numerals of reference refer to similarparts.

barrel-shaped in outline and comprises a substantially cylindrical body2, having an ining.

tegral closedend 3, provided with an axiallydisposed exterior bearingextension 4,'perforated for the reception of'a driving-shaft. Theopposite or front end of the casing is closed by a on p-shaped hollowdoor 5, adapted when in place to tightly close said end. The door 5 isprovided with an axially-disposed hollow boss 6 anda vertically-arrangedrecess 6, extending upward from the lower edge of the door to meet theboss 6.

7 indicates ahinge by which the door is secured to the casing-body 2,and 7 is a projections 8 8 to form the electromagnetcores.

12 12 are screws countersunk in the casing and each extending into ablind screw-hole in the projection 10 of a pole-piece to retain saidpole-piece in position. The projections 8 and 10 of the casing andpole-piece, respectively, are preferably similar in configuration;

but the surface dimensions of the projection 10 of the pole-piece arepreferably larger than the dimensions of the projection 8 of the cas-This relative arrangementof the parts may best be seen in Figs. 4 and 9.

When constructed as above described, the magnet-windings 11 may be woundupon the projecting core-section 10 of the magnet polepiece and thelatter seated upon the projection 8 of the casing. When now the screw 12is inserted and the projections 8 and 10 drawn into proper contact, thedifference in their lateral dimensions prevents the windings of coil 11from being pinched between the edges of the meeting projections, and sominimizes the possibility of the coil being mutilated or short-circuitedduring the assembling of the machine.

13 is a driven shaft of the dynamo, journaled for rotation at one end ina sleeve or bushing 14, of brass or other suitable material, secured inthe extension 4 of the casing, and at its other end journaled in abearing 15, forming a hub of a spider 16, preferably likewise of brass,secured to the casing-body 2. The spider 16 is preferably formed withtwo angular legs, each having a base portion 17, secured in suitablemanner to the open end of the casing-body 2 and thence extendinglaterally in parallelism with the axis of the shaft a suitable distanceand thence upward to the hub, as best illustrated in Fig. 4. The spideris so proportioned that it is snugly received within the cup-shaped doorof the easing 1, and its hub projects into the boss 6 of such door.

18 is the core of an armature mounted upon shaft 13 for rotationtherewith. Said core is shown as unwound and is of usual construction.

19 19 are sleeves, preferably of fiber, surrounding the shaft adjacentto the ends of the armature to receive the armature-windings when inplace.

20 represents as a Whole a commutator device secured upon the end of theshaft 13, adjacent to the open end of the casing-body. The commutator isbrought into close proximity to the hub of the spider, so that the bodyof the commutator projects beyond the cylindrical body of the casing.The commutator is of ordinary construction, comprising a series ofsections 21, each having an internal dovetailed projection 22, adaptedto be engaged by two tapered rings 23 and 24. The ring 23 is threadedupon the shaft 13,

. while the ring 24 is held in position by a suitable nut 25, likewisethreaded upon the shaft.

26 is a fiber washer covering the exteriorend of the commutator.

To simplify the illustration, I have herein shown the armature-core asunwound; but its winding and mode of connection With the commutator aretoo well known in the art to need description.

28 is a brush-holding rocker-arm mounted for oscillation upon the hub 15of the spider. 29 is a set-screw for holding said arm in adjustedposition.

30 indicates a brush-holding casing, of conducting material, providedwith a squared lateral stud 31, projecting through an aperture 32 in therocker-arm 28. The stud 31 is insulated from said rocker-arm byasuitable insulating-bushing 33 and is secured in place by a washer 34,exteriorly secured to the stud 31 by a screw 35. Said screw likewiseserves to bind the wires connected with the commutator-brushes. Thebrush-holder 30 is provided with two parallel longitudinal hollowbarrels 36, each having a longitudinal slot 37 communicating therewith.

38 38 represent two plugs arranged to slide in the barrels 36 and eachprovided with a screw 39, projecting through the slot 37 of thecorresponding barrel and adapted to be screwed down upon the outer faceof the brush-holder to secure the plug in any position of adjustmentwithin the limit of movements defined by said slot.

and 41 represent the brushes proper, both of cylindrical form, adaptedto fit within the barrels of the brush-holder and arranged to projectfrom the end thereof and make contact with the commutator. Said brushes40 and 41 are respectively composed of graphite on the one hand andcopper gauze on the other.

42 represents springs arranged within the barrels, finding abutmentagainst plugs 38 and the brushes, so as to tend to project the brushesfrom the open end of the holder. The brushes are held by their holdersand the supporting rocker-arm 28 in position to contact with the commutator on substantially radial lines. The brushes 40 and 41 of theopposing brush-holders are relatively transposed to that one carbon andone copper brush contact with each of the two contactpaths resultingfrom the traverse of the commutator therebeneath during the operation ofthe dynamo. The compound brushes described when arranged as specifiedhave the advantage of lubrication due to a graphite brush and of thesuperior conductivity of a copper brush.

42 indicates a grease-cup of usual construction attached to the hub 15of the spider 16. Such cup is of cylindrical form and is arranged to fitwithin the vertical recess 7, formed in the casing cover or door. 43 isa similar cup secured to the extension 4 of the casing and adapted tosupply lubricant to the rear end bearing of the shaft.

The shaft 13, as illustrated in Fig. 9, projects rearwardly from theextension 4, and carries on its extended end a driving-pulley andclutch-governor device, (generally indicated by 44.) Said clutch devicecomprises a sleeve 45, secured to the shaft and carrying aclutch-supporting spider 46. Loosely mounted upon the sleeve 45 is afriction driving disk or drum 47, having secured thereto adriving-pulley 48, of leather or other suitable material.

49 49 represent friction clutch-shoes adapted to bear upon the exteriorperiphery of the disk 47 and carried by pivoted link 50, secured to thearm of the spider 44. 51 represents springs tending to draw said arminward and hold the friction-shoe 49 in contact with friction-disk.

It will be observed that when power is applied to rotate the pulley ,48centrifugal force IIO will tend to throw the friction-shoes 49 out ofengagement with the disk 47. As long as the speed of the pulley issufficiently low the pulley will be connected through the frictiondiskshoes, spider, and sleeve to the shaft. When, however, a predeterminedspeed limit is exceeded, the centrifugal action will throw the shoes 49out of engagement with the periphery of the disk, thereby disconnectingthe shaft 13 from the pulley until the speed of the shaft is reduced tothe limit again.

52 52 indicate binding-posts on the exterior of the dynamo for theconnection of suitable conductors, and 53 indicates wiring connectingthe field of the dynamo in shunt-circuit therewith.

It will be noted that when the dynamo is in operation the ends of thecasing form the yoke of the magnet, which therefore forms aconsequent-pole field. Thus the door 5 of the casing is held in closedposition by magnetic influence independently of its clip-fastener, whichmay, if desired, be omitted. It will further be noted that when the door5 is open the entire commutator device and its brushes project beyondthe casing-body and are exposed for inspection and cleaning and repair.The advantage of such a construction is obvious.

I have herein described in detail the preferred embodiment of myinvention; but it is apparent that slight changes in form andarrangement might be made therein without departing from the spirit andscope of my invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with an inolosingcasing comprising a body and a hollow, movable door, of suitable dynamoelements disposed within said casing comprising an armature shaftarranged within the casing to project into the hollow door at one end,means secured to the casing-body independently of the door to supportsaid end, and a commutator mounted upon said end of the shaft to projectbeyond the casing-body when the door is opened.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with an inolosingcasing comprising a cylindrical body and a hollow, cup-shaped door, ofsuitable dynamo elements disposed within the casing comprising anarmatureshaft arranged within the casing to project into the hollowdoor, a spider 16 secured to the casing-body and having a hub arrangedto afiord a bearing for the shaft end, and a commutator mounted uponsaid shaft adjacent to the spider-hub to project from the casing whenthe door is opened.

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a metallic inolosingcasing having field-magnet pole-pieces interiorly secured thereto,fieldmagnet windings arranged to magnetize said pole-pieces whenenergized, and a swinging door for said casing forming when closed amagnetic path between said pole-pieces, whereby said door ismagnetically maintained in closed position during the operation of thedynamo.

4. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a metallic inolosingcasing having a permanently-closed end and an open end, a door forclosing said open end, field-magnet pole pieces disposed intermediatethe ends of the casing and magnetically connected thereto to constitutesaid ends the yokes of a consequent-pole electromagnet, and a coil formagnetizing each of said pole-pieces.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a frame having aprojection therefrom, a field-magnet pole-piece having a projectionadapted to be seated on the projection of the frame and to formtherewith a core for a field-magnet coil, said projection havingcontacting faces of different surface areas, a coil adapted to closelysurround the larger projection, and means for securin g the pole-pieceto its seat.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

VINCENT Gr. APPLE.

In presence of- THEO. M. HIESTER, L. M. ARNOLD.

